| North American Indians were on the North | | | | was occupied by Confederate soldiers who built |
| American continent from as early as 11,000 BCE. | | | | an earth fort impede a Union advance up the |
| But these early colonizers did not live in | | | | James River. Little further attention was paid to |
| permanent settlements and left little in the way | | | | Jamestown until preservation was undertaken in |
| of permanent buildings. The Anasazi built towns | | | | the twentieth century. |
| such as Chetro Ketl, and the great complex of | | | | Santa Fe, New Mexico: Santa Fe is the oldest |
| abandoned towns in Chaco Canyon, in what is | | | | capital city in the U.S. and also the oldest European |
| now New Mexico. Mesa Verde is another ancient | | | | city west of the Mississippi. Santa Fe also features |
| city that is over a thousand years old and was | | | | the oldest public building in America, the Palace of |
| built by the Pueblo Indians. However, almost all of | | | | the Governors. The first Spanish |
| these ancient pueblos were abandoned and now | | | | Governor-General of New Mexico established his |
| stand as ruins rather than vibrant cities. The one | | | | capital in 1598 at San Juan Pueblo, 25 miles north |
| exception being Acoma listed below. Mexico City | | | | of modern day Santa Fe. The second |
| is probably the oldest city in North America, as a | | | | Governor-General moved his capital south to |
| continuation of the Aztec capital of | | | | Santa Fe in 1607 and the city has remained a |
| Tenochtitlán, founded in about 1325. St. John's, | | | | capital ever since. The city was the capital for the |
| Newfoundland, Canada was settled in 1528, and | | | | Spanish "Kingdom of New Mexico," and then the |
| claims to be the oldest European-settled city in | | | | Mexican province of Nuevo Mexico, the American |
| North America. St. John's earned its name when | | | | territory of New Mexico (which contained modern |
| the explorer John Cabot became the first | | | | Arizona and New Mexico) and since 1912 the US |
| European to sail into its harbor on the Feast of St. | | | | state of New Mexico. Santa Fe was originally |
| John, June 24, 1497. It's also the easternmost city | | | | occupied by Pueblo Indians from 1050 to 1607. |
| on the North American continent. | | | | The conquistador Don Francisco Vasques de |
| The oldest continuously occupied cities in the | | | | Coronado described the Indian settlement in 1540, |
| United States: | | | | 67 years before the founding of the city of Santa |
| Acoma, New Mexico: Forty minutes drive east of | | | | Fe. |
| Grants, New Mexico, lies the Pueblo (village) of | | | | Plymouth Colony, Massachussetts. On December |
| Acoma, built on a sandstone mesa 367-feet | | | | 21, 1620, 102 disillusioned English puritans sailing on |
| above a valley and approximately 7,000 feet | | | | the Mayflower landed at Plymouth Rock on the |
| above sea level. The pueblo was built on a mesa | | | | eastern shore of Cape Cod Bay in what is now |
| for defensive purposes, keeping rival raiding tribes | | | | southeast Massachusetts. By the end of that |
| at bay. Native verbal history says Acoma was | | | | winter, half of the pilgrims were dead, including |
| first inhabited about 700 AD although modern | | | | their leader John Carver. The colony continued for |
| archeological evidence suggests it has been | | | | a number of decades often close to collapse. The |
| continuously occupied from 1150, making it | | | | Plymouth colony was eventually surpassed in |
| America's oldest continually inhabited city. It is | | | | population and wealth by the nearby |
| presently inhabited by a small population of | | | | Massachusetts Bay Colony, centered in modern |
| Keresan-speaking Native Americans. | | | | Boston, In 1691, Plymouth was annexed by the |
| St. Augustine, Florida: Founded in 1565, St. | | | | Boston colony officially ending Plymouth as a |
| Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied | | | | separate colony. The city of Plymouth, |
| European settlement in the United States. | | | | Massachusetts claims a city charter dating back |
| Twenty-one years before the first English | | | | to 1620. |
| Settlement at Roanoke, Virginia and 42 years | | | | Hampton, Virginia: Located at the tip of the |
| before the foundation of Jamestown, the Spanish | | | | Virginia peninsula on Chesapeake Bay, Hampton, |
| established St. Augustine. Spanish explorer Don | | | | Virginia is the oldest continuously settled English |
| Juan Ponce de Leon had landed in mainland | | | | community in the United States. The Indian village |
| America in 1513 and claimed the land for Spain | | | | of Kecoughtan, had been visited by English |
| and named it La Florida, meaning "Land of | | | | colonists before they sailed up the James River to |
| Flowers". Between 1513 and 1563 the Spanish | | | | settle in Jamestown. In 1610, the English returned |
| tried to settle Florida but all their settlements | | | | to the Indian village and began the construction of |
| failed. Finally, in 1565, the Spanish destroyed a | | | | Fort Henry and Fort Charles at the mouth of |
| French garrison on the St. Johns River, Florida and | | | | Hampton Creek. In 1619, the settlers chose an |
| defeated the French fleet. Near the destroyed | | | | English name for the community, Elizabeth City. |
| French fort, San AgustÃn was founded by | | | | The settlement became known as Hampton in |
| the Spanish admiral, Pedro Menéndez de | | | | 1680, and in 1705, Hampton was recognized as a |
| Avilés, on August 28, 1565, the feast day | | | | town. |
| of St. Augustine of Hippo. Parts of the original | | | | Newport News, Virginia: This port of entry city in |
| Spanish colonial settlement from the late sixteenth | | | | southeastern Virginia lies on the north side of |
| century remain today in St. Augustine in the | | | | Hampton Roads at the mouth of the James River. |
| layout of the town and in the narrow streets and | | | | Along with Portsmouth, Hampton, and Norfolk, it |
| balconied houses. Thirty-six buildings of colonial | | | | constitutes the Port of Hampton Roads. The |
| origin remain and another 40 that are | | | | actual date of settlement and how it got its name |
| reconstructed models of colonial buildings also | | | | is disputed. It is estimated to have been settled |
| contribute to the atmosphere of the town. | | | | as early as 1611, but official records only begin in |
| Jamestown, Virginia: In May 1607, English | | | | 1621 when 50 colonists arrived from Ireland. The |
| explorers with the Virginia Company landed on | | | | origin of the place-name is obscure but is |
| Jamestown Island, 60 miles from the mouth of | | | | traditionally associated with Captain Christopher |
| the Chesapeake Bay. Almost immediately the | | | | Newport, and Sir William Newce, who arrived |
| colonists were attacked by Algonquian natives, | | | | from Ireland in 1621. |
| who would continue with their attacks for years, | | | | Albany, New York: The area was visited in 1609 |
| and the newcomers were forced to build a | | | | by English navigator Henry Hudson during his |
| wooden fort. Endemic corruption in the Virginia | | | | exploration of the river that was later named for |
| Company in England convinced King James 1 that | | | | him. The area was first settled in 1614 when Fort |
| he should revoke the company's charter and the | | | | Nassau was created by Dutch traders. Ten years |
| Jamestown fort became a crown colony in 1624. | | | | later a group of Belgian Walloons built Fort Orange |
| The fort remained intact until the 1620s, but | | | | nearby. The settlement that grew around Fort |
| disappeared as a town sprang up around the old | | | | Orange was made independent in 1652 and |
| wooden battlements. Jamestown was named the | | | | renamed Beverwyck, or "town of the beaver." |
| capital of Virginia until the statehouse burned | | | | Following the surrender of Fort Orange to the |
| down in 1698 and the capital moved to | | | | British in 1664, the city's name was changed to |
| Williamsburg. The town effectively became a | | | | honor the Duke of York and Albany. |
| ghost town with only a few occupants until a | | | | Ten Oldest continuously occupied U.S. Cities |
| military post was located at Jamestown during | | | | 1) Acoma, New Mexico c 1150 2) St. |
| the American Revolution, and in 1861 the island | | | | |