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The Beginner's Guide to Freelance Writing

The Big IdeaOkay. So youve figured out thatrelevant writing background. See below for
you would like to write for magazines,info about clips.)I can provide
newspapers, and e-zines. Unfortunately, sodocumentation and interview notes for easy
have about eight gazillion other people onfact-checking, and could submit the
this planet. Therefore, you have to stand outcompleted article within two weeks.(Optional.
from the crowd. You have to sparkle. How doSome people like to suggest a time frame,
you do this? Simple. It all starts with Theothers let the editor do it. In general, the
Big Idea. The first secret you must learn ineditor will tell you when the article is
this funny business is that you dontdue, regardless of your preferences. Its a
actually have to write the whole article tonice touch to mention how you will research
get a job. In fact, only bright green novicesyour article. Mine was primarily dependent on
attempt to write the whole thing beforeinterviews, but you may wish to include the
selling it. What you do need, however, is thenames of journals/experts you plan to quote
IDEA for the great story. You will use thisor use for information.)I look forward to
great idea to convince editors to pay youyour response.(Obligatory polite ending. Use
exorbitant amounts of money via a proposalany variation you wish. No pleading. If you
letter (called a query letter. But youlldare type, I promise to write a reallllly,
learn about that in a minute).So, where willrealllly good article! Please hire me!, you
you find this Big Idea? Well, youve heardwill incur my wrath. I will hunt you down and
that wise adage write what you know. Thats ayell at you. A lot. Just a simple, dignified
wonderful mantra for finding your jumping-offending requesting a response.)Regards,Jenna
point. You dont need to stick to what youGlatzer(Oh. Substitute your name and
know for the specific focus of your story,preferred signature ending. Unless you feel
but tap into your already huge vat oflike sending your paycheck to me, in which
knowledge to find the storys basis. This iscase, you can feel free to use my name.
how you will become an expert. Experts are inGrin.)Finally, clips! If youve had anything
demand. People with stories arent. What youpublishedor even if you havent, but you have
have to do is sneak your stories into youra few good writing samples appropriate for
areas of expertise. Example: lets say yourthis type of marketinclude them. These
hobbies and interests include fishing,samples are called clips, and they are used
watching talk shows, and traveling. Good!to show the editor that you are an
You are a potential expert in those areas.intelligent, insightful, funny, clever, and
Jot these things down. Now comes the funor excellent writer. Photocopy your articles
part: brainstorming.The biggest mistake youstraight from the publication. Just 2-3
can make in pitching your story is being tooclips.When you're sending queries by e-mail,
general. Never, ever send a letter to theyou can paste the text of your clips into
editor suggesting an article about fishing.the body of the e-mail (never as an
Not even an article about fishing in Florida.attachment!), or you can direct the editor
This vagueness is not appropriate for shortto one or two website URLs where she can view
writing. In general, you will be expected toyour articles.Interviews and ProfilesI know,
write somewhere between 800 and 2000 words onyou feel weird about this one, right? Youre
your topic. You couldnt possibly tell us alluncomfortable calling someone or visiting a
about fishing in 2000 words. What you couldbusiness to ask a professional to take
do, however, is give us a comparison ofprecious time out of their day to help you
twelve different lures used to catchresearch your article.Well, buck up, little
sailfish. Or the pros and cons of joining acamper, because most professionals absolutely
fishing club. Or even how the moon can telllove to be interviewed. They jump at the
you if itll be a good fishing day.So hereschance, for a few reasons. These are the
your first assignment. Get out your trustyreasons to keep in mind when you feel small
notebook. (If you dont have one, stopand silly for asking:It shows you respect
reading and get one. Right now.) On the firsttheir opinion and/or job.It gives them
page, write down a list of any and allopportunities for publicity of their
topics that interest you. Its okay to bebusiness.It gives them the chance to brag to
general here. Need some ideas to get youfriends that they are quoted in a magazine.It
started?Think through your whole day. Dontgives them something to frame and show
neglect anything. What do you do from theclients.Finally, someone is recognizing their
moment you wake up until the moment you fallgenius and taking an interest in their
asleep? You turn off your alarm clock. (Anwork.Theyre usually wannabe writers, anyway,
article about alarm clocks disruptingand they will be just as happy to pick your
valuable sleep stages! Or waking up to musicbrain to find out how you got the job.Before
versus waking up to that annoying beepingyou approach experts:Make sure you already
sound. Or the optimal number of times tohave your questions mapped out, at least
press the snooze button.) You brush yourbriefly. What exactly do you need to know
teeth. (Article: What all those toutedfrom this person? What could this person
ingredientsfluoride, peroxide, bakingtell you that no one else can? Avoid yes or
sodareally do for your teeth.) You take ano questions. Ask open-ended questions that
shower. Maybe with your significant other.could lead to lengthy responses chock full of
Lucky you. (Romantic showers for two.)Movinggreat quotes. Also, have a synopsis of your
on. You go to work. This is the most obviousplanned article ready, so you can tell your
area of expertise. Lets say youre aexpert what youre writing and how they can
secretary. How ergonomic office equipment cansupplement your knowledge.How to approach
save you from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, anexperts:Get on the phone. Have your idea
achy back, and a stiff neck. How to avoidcondensed into 2-3 sentences, so you can
screaming at your boss when hes a totalquickly explain yourself to whomever answers
idiot. Five couples (or ex-couples) sharethe phone.Hello. My name is Jenna, and Im
their wisdom about dating in the office.writing an article about the rise in
Think about what cover story would enticevegetarianism among young women in Nevada for
you to pay three dollars for a magazine. YouYouth In Nevada Magazine. I know Dr. Spuds
dont have to have the knowledge to actuallyis a well-respected nutritionist, and Im
write the article yet. You just have to knowhoping she would be willing to answer a few
you can get this information later.Next, youquestions on this subject.At this point, the
come home. What happens? Do you have kids?secretary will say, Hold, and make you listen
Great! A wealth of article ideas. You couldto elevator musak while she summons the
write about childcare agencies, pottyboss. Or shell take down your number and
training, decoding teenage slang, teachinghave Dr. Spuds call you back. Or it will be
table manners youre getting the idea now,Dr. Spuds herself, and shell say, What do you
right? Run with it!Write at least one page ofwant to know?Your options at this point are
general topics that interest you, then weed(1) Ask questions over the phone, right then
out the most interesting ones. Narrow it downand there. Make sure you check to make sure
to three or four. Then write those three oryour expert is not pressed for time before
four topics on top of brand new pages. Nowyou begin. (2) Set up a phone date to conduct
fill up those pages with specific articlethe interview. (3) Ask if you can meet in
angles. Just write. Dont edit yourself. Dontperson. This is goodalmost necessaryif the
judge. Just write whatever pops into yourperson will be the focus of your article. If
head. If you need motivation, play it like athe person is being used just to add a few
game of Scattergories. Set a timer for tenquotes, you dont have to meet in person,
minutes. See how many ideas you can jot downbecause its unlikely youll ever need to
before the timer sounds.Keep in mind thatwrite, Dr. Spuds wrinkled her brow and
there are markets for almost any conceivablestared into her pea soup as she explained
topic. Dont limit yourself to the headlinesthat young women are becoming more
youd read in Vogue and Good Housekeeping.health-conscious. (4) Trade e-mail addresses
Between newspapers, consumer magazines, tradeand send over a list of questions. This
magazines, e-zines, tabloids, literaryapproach isnt usually the best, because it
journals, and more, youre bound to find andoesnt allow you to react to, and build from,
appropriate publication for your Big Idea.Youinformation you gain in answers to previous
want to know more about these markets? Readquestions. However, if the publication will
on!Researching the MarketsFirst, youll need anot reimburse you for long distance phone
few definitions:Consumer Magazines: Thesecalls, and you have to conduct a lengthy
typically pay the best. These are the typesinterview, e-mail exchanges are acceptable.
of magazines you might find in a groceryJust make ! sure you specify a due date for
store check-out line, convenience store, inthe responses. Be reasonabletry to give the
your airplane seat pocket, or your doctorsexpert a week to answer all your
office. Types of consumer mags: mens,questions.The SalesOkay, you sent out your
womens, special interest, inflight, teens,killer query, and you got a phone call from
school/career, travel, health, ethnican editor with the big news: you got the
minority, political, entertainment, romance,assignment! Congratulations, you! Go on and
religious, etc. This is the area most writersdo a little dance of joy, then crash back to
try to break into.Literary Magazines: Thesereality with your new mantra: GET IT IN
dont pay much, if at all. However, what theyWRITING. Make sure the editor tells you that
lack in moolah, they make up for in prestige.a written contract is forthcoming in the
If youre looking to jump-start your career asnear future.If youve researched your market,
a fiction writer or poet, your best chance atyou probably already have an idea of the pay
recognition may come in the form of one ofrate, but be sure to cover this ground in
these small publications. Often published bythat initial phone call if the editor fails
colleges and universities, their circulationto mention it. Important things to
is usually regional and low. They generallyremember:On Publication vs. On AcceptanceYou
seek scholarly essays, intellectuallynot only need to know how much youll be paid,
challenging prose, poetry, and book reviews.but also, when youll be paid. Many markets
Publishers will be impressed if you succeedwant to pay you on publication. This can be a
in placing your work in one of the moreproblem, because many magazines and journals
prominent journals (Cimarron Review,have long lead times. (Translation: a long
Ploughshares, and Story, for example).Tradetime between when they assign you the article
Journals: Pay varies greatly. Any publicationand when it actually ends up in print.) If
that focuses on a particular occupationyou write an article in January, and it
industry falls into this category. This isdoesnt get published until November, you
where your expertise can shine. There areprobably wont see a check until December. Do
trade journals for almost every line of work,you want to wait a year to get paid? Can you
from art dealers to truck drivers. Inwait that long? This is a point you
general, your written eloquence is not asabsolutely can negotiate. Ask for payment on
important as your research and timelyacceptance. If this is refused, it gives you
knowledge for these publications.E-Zines:a little leverage to work with on the other
Pay varies greatly. Simply put, e-zines areissues, which areKill FeesIf you get the
simply magazines on the Internet. The onlyassignment, and, for whatever reason, an
major difference is that articles for e-zineseditor decides not to print your article,
can usually run longer than print magazines.you can negotiate for a kill fee. This is a
(No printing costs, so space isnt aspercentage of the sale price. If you are
important an issue for e-zine editors.) Mostoffered $200 to write an article, you may
e-zines dont pay (except by means of aget a $50 kill fee. Its a well known fact
byline) but this trend is changing. The mostthat big publications kill articles all the
popular sites and Wired, for example) paytime. Some editors admit to assigning 10-20%
quite well. Topics stretch as wide as yourmore than they could ever fit in the
imagination.Now that you know, learn how tomagazine. They do this so they can pick and
contact them!There are tons of ways to findchoose from the final products, or so they
markets that are open to freelancers. If youcan see how things fit once the layout is
were paying attention, you might notice thatcomplete. Some articles will be pushed back
this very website is looking for writers!to other issues, and some will just be
Finding places to submit your work is easy iftrashed.BiosWe like them. Those are the
you know where to look.First, the mostlittle blurbs that often follow an article,
important tool in a freelancers toolbox isgiving short biographical information about
The Writers Market. Available at any majorthe writer, and sometimes an e-mail address
bookstore, this is an annual compilation ofor phone number. Ask for one if you
more than 2,000 magazines, 1,000 bookcan.Sidebars and PhotosThose are the little
publishers, and even specialized marketsfactoids or columns that rest next to the
like greeting cards, script writing, andmain article. For example, in an article
syndicates.The next best tools are online.about exercise, youll often see a little
Lucky you! Theyre free. Absolute Markets is achart on the side that tells how many
weekly e-zine filled with market guidelines,calories are burned by doing specific
contest listings, and marketing tips.exercises (riding a bike, climbing a hill,
Freelancing4Money puts out a jam-packedetc.). If you can suggest sidebars, you can
e-zine filled with freelance opportunities.often get extra pay. Same goes for photos. If
Writer's Digest has a great, searchableyouve got a decent camera and a good eye,
database of markets. Writing For Dollars hasoffer photos for a few extra bucks.To Spec
a biweekly newsletter with marketor Not To SpecEspecially as a novice writer,
guidelines, and a searchable database on theyoull sometimes get asked to write an
website. And Writers Weekly lists calls forarticle on speculation. This means that youll
writers and market guidelines each week.Youhave to write the whole article and submit
can even run a search for freelance writersit without a contract, or any promise of
on any major search engine, and youre likelypayment. Its a bone of contention among
to come up with tons of listings. Tryprofessional writers, because almost no
specifying if possible; add words that fitother field works this way. Its never do the
your needs. (Example: paying markets,job, and then Ill decide if I feel like
romance, teen magazines.)So, your nextpaying you. Only in this crazy business.
assignment is this: go back to your trustyHarrumph.That said, I advise you to take spec
notebook and pick out your very favoriteassignments in the beginning. Once youre
idea. That will now be known as your Bigestablished, you shouldnt need to do this,
Idea. Pick the markets that best fit yourbut in order to build up your resume and
idea. Choose several. Find out if you can getyour clips, you need to get published. So go
a free or discounted sample copy. (Writersahead and submit on spec, and go ahead and
often can, if you specify that you would likedo a few free/nearly free pieces for the
to query them in the future.) Requestexperience.Before submitting anything,
writers guidelines if available. Itsthough, make sure you know in advance what
considered poor form to query publicationsthe terms will be if the editor does use your
that youve never read, or know nothing about.piece. How much will you be paid? What
Do your best to read at least one copy ofrights will they buy?Even many of the big
whatever magazine or journal you plan tomarkets have adopted the practice of
query. Check your library for copies if yourequesting pieces on spec. They do this
prefer not to go broke researching.Got itbecause they can get away with it. Because
now? You have your idea, and youve foundthere are thousands of wannabe writers out
places to submit it? Great! Then you'll needthere who will beg, borrow, and steal for
to learn proper protocol for writing andthe chance to be published. So, if you want
submitting the Killer Query.The Killerto compete, sometimes youll have to suck it
QueryThe job of the query letter is to enticeup and accept this. Once the publication
an editor to say, Hey! Id be interested inaccepts one of your spec pieces, youll be a
learning more about that. Therefore, you dontmuch more likely candidate for an outright
want to spill all your secrets and researchassignment next time.Rights to WriteThere are
yet. You want to tease and tantalize. Nowseveral kinds of rights a publication may
that youve got your fabulous Big Idea, yourbuy:First North American Serial RightsThe
job is to condense (or expand) that ideanewspaper or magazine has the right to
into two to three paragraphs.To illustratepublish this piece for the first time in any
the components of a killer query, here is anperiodical. All other rights belong to the
example of one of mine (using fictitiouswriter.One-Time RightsThe publication buys
contact infosorry!) that landed me thethe nonexclusive right to publish the piece
assignment:Jenna Glatzer(Always use properonce. The writer can sell the same article to
formal  letter  format)other publications simultaneously.Second
Serial Rights (or Reprint Rights)Also
123  My  Addressnonexclusive. Gives the publication the
right to reprint an article that has appeared
My  City,  State,  Zip  Codeelsewhere.Electronic RightsCovers CD-ROMs,
e-zines, website content, games, etc. Get in
(555)  555-5555Mr.  Joe  Shmoewriting which electronic rights are
specified-- First Electronic Rights,
(Make SURE to get a name of the appropriatearchiving rights, etc. Most publications ask
department  College  Life  101for the right to archive "indefinitely."
You can try to negotiate for a fixed term
editor. Never address a letter to editor or(i.e., archiving rights for six months).All
submissions.)RightsPretty self-explanatory. You can never
sell this piece to anyone else again. Try to
123  Their  Addressavoid this one. Most publications ask for
First Serial Rights.Work-For-Hire Rights--
Their City, State, Zip CodeTodays Date,The publication has come up with the idea and
2003Dear  Mr.  Shmoe:assigned it to you, and they will own it,
lock, stock, and barrel. They own the
(Colons are used in formal letters. Commascopyright and don't even have to give you
are used in friendly letters.)Think companycredit. It may be sliced, diced,
cars, expense accounts, and a spacious officerepackaged, re-sold, etc., and you won't have
with bay windows. Who do you picture runningany claim to it beyond what you were
a business this successful?(Start the letteroriginally paid.TV/Motion Picture RightsAlso
with a zinger that captures the essence ofself-explanatory. Almost always
your proposed article/story. Raise aexclusive.Recycling Your Big IdeasThis is the
question that will cause the reader tobread and butter of freelance writing. Its
think, or give a visual image anything thatalso called re-slanting. Once youve got the
will make him/her want to read on and findBig Idea, dont waste it by only using it
out what youre talking about.)Think again.once. Use the information youve gathered and
This company was the brainchild of threecome up with off-shoot ideas. Slant it to
Boston University sophomores whose ambitionsappeal to different markets.Youre afraid
led them to thriving careers before they hadbecause of the issue of rights that we just
diplomas to hang on the wall.(The rest of thediscussed, right? (No pun intended.) Well,
first paragraph should give a conciseyou have nothing to fear, provided the new
description of the focus of your proposedarticle is sufficiently different in content
article. Remember to tell why its appropriateand intended audience. If youve managed to
to the publication youre querying. In thissell your article to a major national
case, I was targeting a college magazine, somagazine, it is considered poor form to try
I made sure to emphasize the relevance toto sell a re-slanted version to another
their subject matter early in thenational magazine.However, if youre dealing
letter.)Charles Strader, Richard Skelton, andwith regional, specialized, or small
Pablo Mondal run Net One, an Internetpublications, there should be very little
Service Provider. The three met in theoverlap of intended audience. Therefore, an
freshmen dorms, then moved into an apartmenteditor from Alabama Aristocrats would
together. Opportunity knocked when Strader,probably never know if you sold a re-slanted
who worked for the universitys computerversion of your piece to Guitarists Today.
center, took a phone call from the owner ofEven if they did know, they almost certainly
a hair salon. She sought help designing awould not care.It is standard and accepted
website; Strader volunteered, and Net Onepractice, for the simple reason that it is
was born.(Again, concisely, get a littledarn difficult to make a living as a writer.
deeper into the content of the article. WhatIf you have the choice between making $100
is special about your story? In this case, Ifor selling your piece to one small
wanted to emphasize that these guys werepublication, or making $1000 by selling
college buddies who started a boomingaltered versions to eight different small
business by branching out from their humblepublications, which would you
beginning.)Working closely with friends tochoose?Re-slanting an article is easy, since
build something we believe in is Mondalsyouve already done the bulk of the research.
favorite perk. Skelton agrees. We have greatScrounge up a few new quotes, and use the
trust in each other, and feel that were allinformation you left out of the first
in this together.(Quotations arent necessaryarticle. Focus it on the new desired
in a query, but its nice to give somethingmarket.For example, I could sell an article
specific to show that you have done someabout the health benefits of meditation to a
research into your topic, and that you havefitness magazine. A few alterations, and that
access to resources that will enable you tosame article becomes Religions Encouraging
write the article well. I wanted to showMeditation for my local newspapers Society
that I had already spoken to these guystheypages. Then it becomes Meditation Makes You
happen to be friends of mineand that theySmarter for the college market. Then,
would be upbeat and inspirational people toMeditate Your Stress Away for a working
interview. You can accomplish the same effectwomans magazine. And I didnt even mention
by including a few quirky facts or surveyall those new age/holistic publications.
results youve found out about yourWhat a field day!With just a few more
topic.)Considering that their only capitalquestions posed to your trusted experts,
was a computer and a small loan from Stradersyouve got a whole new article. And, look!
father, the guys feel very successful. WereYoure becoming an expert yourself. This is
not millionaires, but we have goals, andhow you begin to find your nichea few
were following them, says Skelton. I thinkspecific subjects that you feel comfortable
thats true success. By any definition, Netwriting about. Ah, soon those journalists
Ones roster of more than 50 clients rangingwill be coming to YOU with their
from colleges to Fortune 500 companiesquestions."The Extras"Once youve gotten a few
attests to their hard work and talent.(Look,assignments, and feel that youve really
editor. These guys are big up-and-comers!embarked on this as a potential career (or
Notice I mentioned Fortune 500 companies.just a part-time income-booster), youll want
This lets the editor know quickly that theseto think about the little extras.A nice
college guys arent small potatoes. It neatlytouch: get yourself some nice letterhead.
ties up the opening sentence, which promisedSplurge a little with your second or third
an article about guys who have a spaciouspaycheck and invest in professionally printed
office, expense accounts, and company car.letterhead. Presentation does count when
Now the editor has a reason to believe thatsubmitting your correspondence to an editor.
these guys actually are that successful.)IAvoid cutesy clip art of quill pens and
propose a 1,000 word profile for yourinkwells.Also, an invoice. You should always
Students At Work section.(Shows Iveinclude an invoice with your completed
researched their magazine. I know whicharticle. Often, the person you submit the
section this should fit, and Ive read theirstory to is not the same person in charge of
guidelines to determine an appropriate wordsending you a paycheck. By including an
count.)I am a full-time freelance writer, andinvoice, you can be reasonably assured that
my works have been recently featured in suchthe billing department will have a record of
publications as 201 Magazine, Collegewhat terms were agreed upon, and when they
Bound(Notice I mention the most relevantare supposed to pay you.Receipts: Hold onto
magazines first. Anything youve hadyour postage receipts and your
published that might relate to the content,writing-related supplies. If writing is your
tone, or audience of the proposedprofession, then these can be tax write-offs.
publication belongs here.)Bliss!, WorkingAlso, if you are able to negotiate it,
Women, and Video Librarian. Clips areeditors will often reimburse you for any
enclosed.(If youve never had anythingexpenses you incur while on assignment once
published, dont distress. Just shut up aboutyou are an established writer. Submit your
it. Do NOT tell anyone, Though Ive never beenphone bill (with the reimbursable call/s
published yet, Im a real go-getter. Less iscircled), your book receipts, your travel
more. If you keep quiet, they may not evenexpense receipts, etc. along with your
think about the fact that you didnt mentioninvoice. Make sure these terms are specified
your credits. Also, do not get into ain your contract.Youre ready? Good! Get out
diatribe describing how you edited your highthere and get 'em, slugger. Good luck!
school newspaper. Just a quick list of



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