Part Six of the Drought of US Droughts; June 2002

Historical and Recent Past Period Drought Data ismountain snows that pile up each winter, in the
very valuable to predicting future trends andun-seasonal winter rainfalls that drench the
cycles. By doing this we can prepare for crisis bymountains instead of snow, and in the speed of
building adequate water resources and monitoringthe snowmelt during spring. Total precipitation
our fresh water supplies. It is important toover California hasn't changed significantly on
understand all the regional dynamics in order toaverage over the years, but seasonal variations
make good non-linear decisions to insure ourbetween rain and snow show that a significant
civilization has what it needs. This data is fromwarming trend is under way. But the population
2002.If you think the US is having problems lookincrease has, for instance look at the LA suburbs,
at Mexico although they are getting some goodSacramento, Central Valley of Silicon Valley
and needed rain this week in the interior of theRefugees, San Diego and San Gabriel Valley, lots
country, it has been quite a problem. Thisof lawns to water and mow. Even in the desert
Hurricane season has been lighter than anytime incities more homes, golf courses and lawns, with
the last 100 years and is not delivering the rain itthe increasing middle class, which is not paying
could. As the El Nino cuts of the amount of spaceattention to where stuff like water really comes
that the hurricanes can operate in, it may createfrom. The annual surveys of mountain snow
a few larger systems where tropical depressionsdepths and water levels of California's major
combine. The earth's supply of freshwater forrivers show that before the 1960s runoff in the
use by humans and natural ecosystems seems tolate spring and early summer amounted to a good
be shrinking by the year. One-third of the world's40 percent of the total runoff each year.Since
population is living in "water stressed" regions inthe mid-1970s in LA, San Diego, Sacramento and
the World. As human population continues tothe Bay Area, runoff during the late spring and
grow, so does the demand for more water. It isearly summer has dropped to barely 30 percent
estimated that by the year 2025 nearly one-halfof the annual total, he said. Tracking California's
of the population will be living in "water stressed"changing climate record for many years. We are
regions or countries.The NASA Satellite whichfinding data that adds to powerful evidence that
sends information on river basins around thethe warming trend is real. However there maybe
world using sophisticated computer models andother explanations as well. Some which may be
geographical information systems is locating theunbelievable. The problem of managing the state's
areas that are most stressed. Among the mostwater resources more rationally in view of the
stressed are China's Yellow River basin, Africa'schanging climate is urgent now. We need detailed
Zambeze River basin, the Syr Darya and Amustudies to decide what to do. Studies are a lot
Darya River basins leading to Russia's Aral Seacheaper than floods. However I doubt anyone can
and the Colorado River basin. These are amongstdisagree with the thought of weather control
the first serious problems. This research is alsoresearch to solve the water problem for people.
being used by the World Water Commission; aOfficials of the California Department of Water
government and privately funded organization;Resources are starting to look at the effects of
goal to seek global solutions to water problems.climate change as they develop the 2003
They of course are using this data to changeCalifornia Water Plan that state law requires the
policy and over exaggerate much of thedepartment to produce every five years. As I
problems, however at the current rates we willtraveled last month from Reno NV to CA
see significant and unfixable problems in theseSacramento are I looked at the Sierra summit
regions without control of the actual weather. Weand there's no snow pack at all up there, while
must look towards using the technology we havethe major reservoirs downstream are full, places
to control the weather and make it rain everylike Folsom Lake, the warming trend problem is
Monday and Thursday night. Water managers arejust beginning, but it's certainly focusing the water
recognizing that our nations water supply must beauthorities attention.The warming trend poses at
treated cautiously. With a growing population,least three increasing dangers: -- Severe lowland
erratic dry spells, and widespread pollution of ourflooding as rains in the winter replace mountain
aquatic environment, water consumption must besnowfalls; -- Rising sea levels that reach into the
watched. The big problem is that people still seeSacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and threaten
water as basically free and totally unlimited, whichcentury-old levees that must protect the rich
if you look at the Earth it would appear that waycroplands; -- The intrusion of salt into Delta
judging by the size of the oceans.Things are beingwaterways that disturbs both fisheries and the
done to reserve our supply, in the US wenatural delta ecology on which farmlands depend.
certainly take for granted the fresh water supply.The Department of Water Resources hedges
Some communities are using surplus water andagainst these changes by developing a two-year
gray water to replenish underground reservoirsstate water plan. I have read this and find it full of
like in Tucson AZ, where water naturallyfarm subsidies and bad data and guess by
accumulates but is at lower than normal levels.experts similar to the crisis management team
Scientists are looking at new technologies tobrought in for Y2K, which never happened,
maximize such stores. Other ideas range fromalthough these are real, right now issues we need
setting up commercial markets for water rightsto look at the past for answers more than trying
to forming huge snow piles. Although these ideasto predict the new future trends. The last such
are great locally, and it provides local awareness itdocument in 1998 included forecasts for the
will do little good. And there are a couple ofstate's water supply and demand over the
Canadian companies that use small ships to gocoming 20 years, and provided recommendations
and capture floating icebergs for fresh water.for dam building, flood control, water management
California water planners face a problem theyand conservation measures. Now, the department
never thought they'd encounter: global warming isof water planning is gearing up to draft the plan
hitting the High Sierra snow pack. And just howfor 2003. The City of Los Angeles water planning
the planners cope with it could affect everydept and other and other experts will offer the
city-dweller, every farmer and every water-usingdepartment's 60-member advisory committee the
industry in the state for years to come andlatest evidence that the warming problem could
every car wash. Scientists are in broadgrow steadily worse.The Water Department has
agreement that the world's climate is steadilya 60-member advisory committee made up of
warming and even President Bush and his staff"stakeholders" -- the people most affected by
have conceded that we should be looking atwater policies like agricultural water districts, urban
these issues with more scrutiny-- whether due towater departments, food processing industries
"greenhouse gas" emissions from industry andand public utilities. All provide input for the state's
automobilesor to natural variability. is evidence thatwater planners. The committee meets every two
it is already altering the annual ebb and flow ofmonths or so for the next two years until the
the California state's water supplies, of coursefinal plan is released. future will be all about
realizing that liars figure and figures lie. It's asustainability and we must watch that this term is
matter of "more rain, less snow," and this is Elnot misused in the future for political gain or
Nino which will fill up CA reservoirs when they doLiberal Political gain, which will upset the balance.
not need the water and the snow pack thatWash guys realize the need to understand the
comes and fills things up in the Spring will notwater supply and where and why it is needed.
come, then La Nina comes and we have anotherWe have been through droughts in the past and
drought in CA, it is not going to help us. Thiswill in the future. Some people ask where did the
happened in 1984 too. California's water supplyIndians go who inhabited they villages and cities
largely depends on the winter snow pack in theand temple and structures of the past? I believe
high mountains that must feed the state'sthey went in search of greener pastures and
lowlands the rest of the year. A major change iswater. The problem of tomorrow is distribution
already evident in the decreasing depths of theflow.