| IntroductionMen are innately
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| | hostile glance into the politics of
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| self-centred. Due to this characteristic,
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| | Democratic Kampuchea, one (especially one
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| countless problems are flourished, and if
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| | living outside Cambodia) may think that
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| there is no any official institution to
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| | Democratic Kampuchea did provide
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| govern men’s negative nature, the
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| | stability to the people, because for
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| whole state would steps toward anarchy.
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| | nearly the whole of its reign, there were
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| Single-mindedly targets to offer possible
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| | no serious internal and external
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| benefits to its people, nearly all
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| | upheavals. This stability was caused by
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| government in the world is divided
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| | removing all the human rights and even
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| between the three; executive,
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| | the natural rights of the Cambodian
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| legislative, and judicial. Professor
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| | people only. Such a compressed stability
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| George Mckenna, in one of his excerpts
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| | is not called “genuine
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| called “Why Government,”
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| | stability”, because the
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| claims that government has four basic
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| | government’s deployment of force to
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| compulsions to be executed (McKenna,
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| | attain. For Plato, to attain the
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| 1998, 7).Democratic Kampuchea, on other
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| | stability of the whole state, each
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| hand, drew a completely outlook from what
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| | individual must have stability in the
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| Professor George Mckenna has claimed
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| | soul as well (Forsyth & Soper, 1988, p.
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| above. All of the people who have
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| | 24). Imagine, how could you sleep if you
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| survived the Pol Pot regime would refer
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| | didn’t have enough food? How would
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| to this government, as not to service the
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| | you feel if you were convicted guilty
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| people, but to enslave its own people,
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| | without having a chance to protest
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| and some would even depict the leaders as
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| | back?III. Providing for The Common
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| "worse than Hitler" and a "genocidal
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| | Defense?Government is an aggregate of
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| maniac" (Chandler, 1999, p.4). And many
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| | similar ideology, so that such an
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| have explained the ghost of three; Pol
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| | organization is formed to service the
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| Pot, Ieng Sary and Kieve Samphan, as
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| | people. James Madison claimed that
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| insane philosophers. A confidential CPK
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| | because man is different from angel;
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| document asserted that the
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| | endless ambition, man is deem to be
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| “expulsion of the population from
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| | curiously argumentative. We can draw an
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| Phnom Penh is a measure one will not
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| | equation from this that, government is
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| encounter in any other country’s
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| | supposed to have the same mentality; one
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| revolution.” in a similar vein,
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| | government could invade another
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| Ieng Sary told a German correspondent
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| | government for beneficial or malicious
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| in1976, “it is still too early to
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| | purpose.As April Seventeen arrived,
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| announce what we are doing in our
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| | government soldiers were told that the
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| country. Since our action is not based on
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| | war had finished and all Khmer was to
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| models, we are learning in the course of
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| | become brothers who should integrate to
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| the experiment (Chandler, 1991,
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| | get Kampuchea Krom back from Vietnam. And
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| p.204).” Probably the only
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| | one Special Centre Assembly for Cabinet
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| government whose philosophy has totally
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| | Ministers and all zone/region secretary
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| molded Cambodian moral/legal/economic
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| | was held. In that special meeting, among
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| system into a complete earthly utopia,
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| | the eight points stated by Pol Pot,
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| Democratic Kampuchea draws a lot of
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| | seventh point; expel the entire
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| curiosity from the world’s states
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| | Vietnamese minority population, and
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| and inhabitants.Democratic Kampuchea is
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| | eighth point; sending soldiers to the
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| the government that ruled Cambodia from
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| | border especially to the Khmer-Vietnamese
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| 1975-1979. This regime is governed by Pol
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| | border (Ben Kiernan, 1985, p.361-362). Ta
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| Pot, Ieng Sary and Kieve Samphan and
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| | Mok added that all place that has palm
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| other subordinates. This regime is
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| | trees, is belonged to Khmer. Democratic
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| notorious for its
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| | Kampuchea constitution, Chapter I,
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| “auto-genocide” which means
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| | Article 1 which stated that “The
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| slaughtering its own people (having the
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| | State of Kampuchea is an independent,
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| same nationality as the leaders).
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| | unified, peaceful, neutral, non-aligned,
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| Democratic Kampuchea is considered as one
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| | sovereign, and democratic State enjoying
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| of the weirdest regimes in the world, due
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| | territorial integrity (Jennar, 1995,
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| to its destruction of its own nation and
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| | p.83)” also devote to defense Khmer
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| people. For years, the world has
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| | territory and Khmer people against
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| dramatically turned their attentions to
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| | foreign invasion in any form. However, do
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| this 1975-1979 regime. For better
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| | these all mean Democratic Kampuchea did
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| understand about Democratic Kampuchea
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| | response to the third obligation, thus
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| government, I suggested:David P. Chandler
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| | worth called “a responsible
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| (1999). Brother Number One.Ben Kiernan
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| | government”?If not under any form
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| (1985). How Pol Pot Came To Power.David
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| | of foreign pressure, many has come up
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| P. Chandler (1991). The Tragedy of
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| | with a rhetoric why people were forced to
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| Cambodian history.Or visit Documentation
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| | bury their heads into giant collective
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| Centre of Cambodia.Many questions are
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| | farms, in order to attain the yielding
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| still remained unanswered; why the
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| | policy of the revolutionary organization?
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| government killed too many people? Who
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| | And how was the annual farming yield
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| was/were responsible for the demises of
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| | vanished?Democratic Kampuchea was deemed
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| over one million Cambodian citizens? How
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| | to have a lot of similarities to the
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| would those history traitors be punished?
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| | Cultural Revolution of Mao Zedong in
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| To answer many of the questions above, a
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| | between 1966-1976. Those similarities
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| glimpse into Democratic Kampuchea’s
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| | were seen in that Mao Zedong forced all
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| governance would dramatically benefit.
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| | the Chinese schools to be closed, and
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| Did Democratic Kampuchea do anything
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| | after months, he encouraged the Red
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| among the four to fulfill what we call
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| | Guards to abolish all the traditional
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| the obligations of the government?I.
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| | values and bourgeois things, in order to
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| Establishing Justice?The term
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| | test the party’s followers by
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| “justice” is extremely
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| | criticizing them. The commanders ordered
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| convoluted to express in words. Socrates,
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| | their subordinates and soldiers to take
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| Plato, Aristotle…etc, all have
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| | control schools, factories and government
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| different opinions for this term
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| | agencies. Step by step, this revolution
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| “justice”. Not only amongst
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| | moved to become stricter and stricter.
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| the people, different forms of
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| | Many elderly people were not only
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| government; capitalism, socialism, and
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| | mentally attacked but also physically
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| democracy, also provide different
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| | (cultural revolution, internet, p.1-2).
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| perspectives. We could define the word
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| | Other resemblances were seen in turning
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| justice by presenting a figure of a
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| | all the private property into state
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| blindfold woman with a set of scales. The
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| | ownership and the great leap forward
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| scales symbolize balance and fairness;
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| | approach. Ben Kiernan wrote about Chinese
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| the blindfold stands for impartiality
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| | financial aids to Democratic Kampuchea
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| (McKenna, 1998, 7). “Justice does
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| | that; in September 13, 1975 diplomatic
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| not necessarily mean treating everyone
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| | source in Beijing claimed that China
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| alike; otherwise all workers would
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| | increased un-aligned financial/military
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| receive the same pay and all students
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| | aids to Cambodia up to one billion USD
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| would earn the same grade, regardless of
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| | and twenty millions USD as rewards. This
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| performance or effort. The impartiality
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| | was thought as the most impressive aids
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| of justice is not completely
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| | of China ever been given to any country
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| indiscriminate” (McKenna, 1998, 7).
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| | (Chandler, 1991, p.260). David P.
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| For Aristotle’s perspective, just
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| | Chandler added that; most farmers, happy
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| is “the proportional,”
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| | or unhappy, were owed to their creditor,
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| meaning that each person should be given
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| | China (Chandler, 1991, p.239). Many new
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| what is due to him or her (McKenna, 1998,
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| | people saw the point that they had to
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| 8).Justice was never been done in the Pol
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| | work to feed themselves and to increase
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| Pot regime. What Pol Pot had promised
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| | the agrarian productivities. Such a
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| that his regime would bring the
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| | stance was diminished after the
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| innovative circle for the people;
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| | 1975’s output was seen to deliver
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| justice, opportunity for the uneducated
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| | to far-away unloaded destination by
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| and the poor, turning elite’s
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| | government trucks. In fact, the
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| political power into people’s
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| | government delivered thousand of tones of
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| hands, etc, were been done very little.
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| | rice to China to pay the debts. The
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| On the outset of its governance,
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| | 1976’s finished rice was to be
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| Democratic Kampuchea divided people into
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| | deliver as well, but due to excessive
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| two groups; “base people” and
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| | demands from the government, starvation
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| “new people”. This I would
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| | became widespread (Chandler, 1991, p.
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| call the second apartheid, like in South
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| | 239).All the above evident has unveiled
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| Africa. The new people had much harsher
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| | the Democratic Kampuchea that
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| living conditions and torture, compared
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| | hadn’t protect people from foreign
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| to the base people. Even in the
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| | invasion at all. In contrast, people were
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| one-party-one-candidate election, base
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| | enslaved to pay the debts of the
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| people were not allowed to vote at all.
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| | government back to China.IV. Promoting
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| Resulting from this, one query has been
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| | The General Welfare?Maslow asserted that
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| arisen; why Democratic Kampuchea had
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| | People desire for hierarchy of motives;
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| discrimination on its own people? We can
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| | starting from physiological needs to
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| venture to answer the question that,
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| | safety needs to love needs, esteem needs,
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| because Pol Pot had long had revengeful
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| | and finally self-actualization needs
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| mentality.For the whole reigning period
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| | (Myers,1990, 314). Besides the three
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| of Democratic Kampuchea, Cambodian people
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| | chronological obligations of the
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| were forced to devote their lives to
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| | government written above, government is
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| unpaid labour force to fulfill the
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| | assigned to be the welfare-supplier to
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| earthly “collective agrarian
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| | all the Cambodian citizens. Business
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| utopia” policy. CPK soldiers were
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| | regulation, helping the disabled and
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| taught the culture of detest toward Royal
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| | orphans in the form of payments or
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| dynasties, intellectuals, the rich, and
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| | shelters. For this purpose, varieties of
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| Sihanouk and Lon Nol’s adherents.
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| | institution, governmental organizations,
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| Over the years, they has been trained to
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| | and non-governmental organizations have
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| hate “enemies of the
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| | been established to accelerate the
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| organization” – the
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| | process. Constitution also claims the
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| Americans, who bombed the country, the
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| | role of the government on this
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| traitors allied to the Americans, and the
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| | goal.Government should be like a tree
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| city-dwellers, who had refused to join
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| | that unconditionally and tirelessly
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| the revolution. They were taught to
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| | provides shade to all who are in need. Or
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| relish their resentments; a CPK cadre
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| | like the parents who cater cares for the
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| told Sophy “we were so angry when
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| | children. Government would always
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| we emerge from the forest that we
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| | heroically venture to sacrifice
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| didn’t want to spare even a baby in
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| | everything for the goods of its citizens,
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| its cradle (Chandler, 1991,
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| | as Buth Savong, Cambodia’s Buddhist
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| p.253).” Before 1977-1978, revenge
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| | philosophy scholar, wrote in his book
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| between classes was widespread. One
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| | called “The Lesson for
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| handwritten document, entitled ‘Who
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| | Life”;In the dry season, absence of
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| Leads the People’s War?’,
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| | wind, in the middle of field, the heat is
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| illustrates the absolute character of
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| | enormously high, but the tree can still
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| Democratic Kampuchea’s government
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| | bare such an ordeal respectfully.Look!
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| with a veiled reference to
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| | Admire the tree that provides cool shade
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| Sihanouk:…Therefore the only
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| | to men and animals, always be tolerant to
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| leaders of the people’s war are the
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| | the sun’s ray, in accordance to her
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| layer of the people who experience the
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| | nature.Likewise, the guardian/breadwinner
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| greatest expression, the greatest pain,
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| | is the comfortable shade of the other, he
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| and have the greatest anger are the most
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| | or herself has to possess the quality of
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| absolute in waging war to exterminate the
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| | endurance, struggle for the
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| exploiting classes, the imperialists, the
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| | hardship.Admire the parents! Both of them
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| feudalists and the capitalists. These
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| | are the guardians/breadwinners of the
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| layers of people are the toiler class.
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| | child/children, how have they endured the
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| And the highest Organization, the top
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| | suffering (Buth Savong, 2003,
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| general command, the vanguard force, with
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| | p.58)…Or like in the book entitled,
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| the boldest line of attack for the toiler
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| | “The Tao Inner Peace”, Diane
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| class, is the toiler Party, which is
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| | Dreher suggested the style of leadership
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| adorned with the greatest brilliance of
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| | through Taoist philosophy. In that book,
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| Maxist-Leninist consciousness and endowed
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| | she stated that leader would resemble the
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| with a political line and political
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| | water, which is always cool and
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| standpoint of serving above all the
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| | timelessly beneficial.“The best
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| interests of the producing class, and of
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| | people (government) are like water.They
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| the nation...(Ben Kiernan, 1985, p.326)In
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| | benefits all things,And do not compete
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| September 1977, Pol Pot encouraged the
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| | with them.They settle in low
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| farming strata of people by comparing
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| | places,…” (Dreher,
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| them to the empire of Angkor Wat;Long ago
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| | 1990,180).Democratic Kampuchea’s
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| we have Angkor. Angkor was built during
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| | general welfare was far below zero,
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| the slaving era. Slaves like us built
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| | people were forced to live their lives
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| Angkor under the exploitation class so
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| | back into the primitive tradition during
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| the royal people can live in happiness.
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| | antiquity.ConclusionGovernment is a mean
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| If our people can built Angkor, they can
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| | to an end! There is no need at all, if
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| do anything (Chandler, 1996, p.246).All
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| | men are innately insightful,
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| the culture and tradition; language,
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| | philosophical, psychologically
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| religion, clothing, food, etc, of ethnic
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| | enlightened. But since men are evil
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| minorities and even of Cambodian people
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| | creatures, government is required to
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| were abolished, except the Khmer language
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| | cease the upheavals of the people. The
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| was the only cultural item to be
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| | four basic duties stated above, is
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| retained. Familyism was still seen among
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| | initial answer to the question “why
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| the top leaders of Democratic Kampuchea;
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| | government?”. Still government has
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| relatives of the leaders were not to be
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| | many more compulsions to be executed to
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| evacuated or tortured (Chandler, 1993,
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| | be worth called people’s
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| p.210). All people were not allowed to
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| | government. Democratic Kampuchea
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| have access to lawyers or judges at all,
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| | didn’t fill any among the four
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| they were convicted by the Democratic
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| | obligations as they did contract with the
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| Kampuchea’s soldiers only, though
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| | people, while campaigning for popular
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| Chapter 7, Article 9 stated that
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| | support. Such a gang government is not
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| “Justice is administered by
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| | supposed to last long, because they
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| people’s courts, representing and
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| | deploy forces to make people respect
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| defending the people’s justice,
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| | them.Professor Atiyah, in one of his
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| defending the democratic rights and
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| | edition called “Promises, Morals,
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| liberties of the people, and condemning
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| | and Law” wrote that; A human being
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| any activities directed against the
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| | has only very limited capacity to improve
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| people’s State or violating the
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| | his lot in the world when he acts
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| laws of the people’s State (Jennar,
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| | entirely on his own. It is only by
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| 1995, p.85).II. Ensuring Domestic
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| | exchanging his surplus goods, and the
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| Tranquility?Philosopher Reinhold Niebuhr
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| | products of his labour, with others, and
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| noted that “every community seeks
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| | by thus joining with them in cooperative
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| consciously and unconsciously to make
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| | activities that man has been able to
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| social peace and order the first goal of
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| | create the wealth which satisfies the
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| its life” and he also added that
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| | wants of human race. No single person
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| “for the simple reason that chaos
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| | acting on his own could begin to make
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| means nonexistence” (McKenna, 1998,
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| | one-thousandth of the goods which he uses
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| 9). As stated above, because men are
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| | in his daily life-the food he eats, the
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| innately self-important, government is
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| | house he lives in, the car or train in
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| the compulsory institution to cater
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| | which he travels to work, are all the
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| domestic tranquility. Madison wrote that
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| | result of co-operation by an unimaginable
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| since men were no angels, we require some
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| | number of people. So it is easy to agree
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| kind of armed umpire to keep us from
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| | that anything which encourages or
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| harming one another (McKenna, 1998, 9).
| |
| | facilitates human co-operation is, other
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| Professor George McKenna proclaimed that
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| | things being equal, of great utility
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| coercion is the available source of the
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| | (Atiyah, 1995, p.30-31). Democratic
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| government to stabilize the state
| |
| | Kampuchea government is thought to be
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| (McKenna, 1998, 7), and no one can hold
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| | full of milk of self-interest; turning
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| this source besides the government, which
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| | the whole society to fit their needs.
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| is comprised of people. What about the
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| | Perhaps now we can venture to answer the
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| Democratic Kampuchea, had them done such
| |
| | question why did Democratic Kampuchea
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| an obligation?In May 1975, a spokesman of
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| | last too short? by using Professor
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| Democratic Kampuchea publicly proclaimed,
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| | Atiyah’s statements and because
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| “more than two thousands year of
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| | they turn the whole society into
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| Cambodian history has end. A little
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| | self-interest.
|
